The concrete horses designed by Italian modernist sculptor Costantino Nivola in 1964 for the plaza at Manhattan’s Stephen Wise Towers have been suddenly and haphazardly removed by New York’s housing authority, triggering an outcry among architecture critics and historians.
Nivola, who worked closely with architects including Eero Saarinen, Josep Lluis Sert, and Richard Stein on many institutional works, created the 18 horses in a circular design to enliven the Upper West Side housing complex’s recreation area. Flanking the tree-covered arrangement on 91st Street are the red brick apartment buildings managed by the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA).
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